Osteoarthritis: Causes, Treatments & Practical Tips

When dealing with osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced function, especially in knees, hips, and hands, many wonder where to start. osteoarthritis encompasses the breakdown of joint cartilage, which is the smooth tissue that cushions bones. Managing this condition often requires a mix of medication, lifestyle tweaks, and targeted support. One of the most common medical tools is NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation and pain in affected joints. These drugs, like celecoxib or ibuprofen, are a key part of the treatment arsenal because they directly address the inflammatory component of osteoarthritis. In short, controlling inflammation requires NSAIDs, while protecting joint health depends on nutrition and movement.

Nutrition and Bone Health Play a Big Role

Another piece of the puzzle is vitamin D, a fat‑soluble vitamin essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Low vitamin D levels can worsen bone density, making the joints more vulnerable to wear and tear. Research shows that adequate vitamin D influences cartilage health, which in turn can slow the progression of osteoarthritis. Pairing vitamin D with calcium‑rich foods—like dairy, leafy greens, or fortified alternatives—creates a nutritional foundation that supports joint integrity. For many patients, a simple blood test can reveal a deficiency, and a modest supplement can fill the gap, giving the body the tools it needs to protect the cartilage that’s already under stress.

The final pillar is movement, and that’s where physical therapy, a structured program of exercises and manual techniques designed to improve strength, flexibility, and joint stability shines. Physical therapy requires tailored exercises that strengthen the muscles around the joint, reducing load on the cartilage. It also enables better range of motion, which can lessen stiffness—one of the hallmark complaints of osteoarthritis. A therapist can teach low‑impact activities like swimming or cycling that keep you active without over‑loading the joints. When medication, nutrition, and movement work together, the overall management plan becomes much more effective. Below you’ll find a hand‑picked collection of articles that dive deeper into each of these areas, from drug comparisons to vitamin D’s role in bone health, giving you practical steps you can apply right now.